What does the chemical formula CO3 2- represent?

The chemical formula CO3 2- represents the carbonate ion, which consists of one carbon atom and three oxygen atoms, carrying a net charge of -2. In the context of chemistry, carbonate is commonly found in various compounds, such as calcium carbonate, and plays a significant role in geological and biological processes, including the carbon cycle and the formation of rocks.

Understanding the properties of the carbonate ion is essential in various environmental applications, including water chemistry and environmental engineering, where carbonate equilibria can affect pH levels and aquatic life. The clarity of CO3 2- as a distinct anion helps to differentiate it from related species such as bicarbonate, carbonic acid, and calcium carbonate, which have different structures and formulas, each performing unique roles in chemical processes and environmental interactions.