Which of the following substances is NOT commonly associated with hepatotoxicity?

Hepatotoxicity refers to chemical-induced liver damage, and certain substances are well-known for their potential to cause such harm. In this context, lead is not commonly recognized for its hepatotoxic effects.

While lead exposure can lead to numerous health issues, particularly affecting the nervous system and causing developmental problems, it does not specifically target the liver in the way that other substances listed do.

Hexavalent chromium, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and alcohol have established associations with liver toxicity. Carbon tetrachloride is a well-documented hepatotoxin that can cause fatty liver and necrosis. Alcohol is notorious for its potential to cause liver disease, including fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Hexavalent chromium, although primarily identified for its carcinogenic properties, has also been linked to liver damage under certain exposure scenarios.

Therefore, lead stands out as the substance that is not primarily associated with hepatotoxicity, making it the correct response to this question.